Vaccine refusal has been associated with outbreaks of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, varicella, pneumococcal disease, measles, and pertussis, resulting in the unnecessary suffering of young children and waste of limited public health resources. The proportion of parents claiming non-medical exemptions to school immunization requirements has been increasing over the past decade. and the majority of parents vaccinate their children, many do so amid concerns. Although vaccination is a norm in the U.S. There is a broad range of factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, including the compulsory nature of vaccines, their coincidental temporal relationships to adverse health outcomes, unfamiliarity with vaccine-preventable diseases, and lack of trust in corporations and public health agencies. William H.Vaccine hesitancy reflects concerns about the decision to vaccinate oneself or one's children. Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, Global Health, and Epidemiology, Emory University, Associate Director, Emory Vaccine Center, Director, Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (Emory-UGA CEIRS), Former President, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), Atlanta, GA, USAĪssociate Director for Behavioral Research, Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USAĪssociate Professor, Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA Professor Emeritus, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Director Emeritus, Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA ![]() Professor, Departments of International Health and Health, Behavior and Society, Director, Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 8049–52Įpidemiologist, Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 2114–20.Ītanasoff, S., et al., Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA). Vellozzi, C., et al., Safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in adults: background for pandemic influenza vaccine safety monitoring. Implications for needle length in adult immunization. Poland, G.A., et al., Determination of deltoid fat pad thickness. Wall, Optimal intramuscular needle-penetration depth. Koster, M.P., et al., Needle length for immunization of early adolescents as determined by ultrasound. Pond, Definition of needle length required for intramuscular deltoid injection in elderly adults: an ultrasonographic study. Montalvo, Vaccination-related shoulder dysfunction. Glynn, The production of arthritis in rabbits by an immunological reaction to fibrin. The role of antigen on the local immune response. ![]() Jasin, The pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in experimental antigen-induced arthritis. Preferential localization of antigen-antibody complexes to collagenous tissues. ![]() 2012, National Academies Press (US): Washington (DC).Ĭooke, T.D., et al., The pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in experimental antigen-induced arthritis. Institute of Medicine, in Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality, K. ![]() Black, S., et al., A post-licensure evaluation of the safety of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (VAQTA, Merck) in children and adults.
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